rajatarangini was translated into persian by

This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. Sanskrit He devoted his time to sensual pleasures, and neglected royal duties. The author of the Rajatarangini history chronicles the rulers of the valley from earliest times, from the epic period of the Mahbhrata to the reign of Sangrama Deva (c.1006 CE), before the Muslim era. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. He displayed surprisingly advanced technical expertise for the time in his concern for unconventional sources. Rajatarangini . It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Traces of genuine history are also found, however, in references to the Mauryan emperors Ashoka and Jalauka; the Buddhist Kushan kings Hushka (Huviska), Jushka (Vajheska), and Kanishka (Kaniska); and Mihirakula, a Huna king. Built a great city called Srinagara (near but not same as the modern-day. According to Kalhana, this king "did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers" (Stein's translation). "useRatesEcommerce": false Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. Kalhana was excellently equipped for the work. Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: River of Kings) historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. In Books V and VI the history of the dynasty continues to 1003, when the kingdom of Kashmir passed on to a new dynasty, the Lohara. Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. Made king by Mamma and Yashovarman. Among original compositions in Persian, historical literature easily occupied the first place. It has multiple dimensions, such as the aureole of antiquity, the grandeur of epic, the cachet of Sanskritic literary canons, the singular distinction as an ancient Indian historical chronicle and the uniqueness that it embodies as representation of a vital part of Indian selfhood. The Rajatarangini is an epic poem (mahakavya) in Sanskrit running into nearly 8000 verses that are spread over eight books or sections. In this backdrop, the Malayalam translation called In 1343 CE, Sultan Jamshid suffered a defeat by his brother who ascended the throne as Sultan Alau'd-Din in 1347 CE. The Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini were translated into Persian by his order. Cite earlier authors: The oldest extensive works containing the royal chronicles [of Kashmir] have become fragmentary in consequence of [the appearance of] Suvrata's composition, who condensed them in order that (their substance) might be easily remembered. Defeated the Tantrins with help of Damara feudal lords. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dia Answer. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. The Rajatarangini was written in Sanskrit by Kalhana, who was a Kashmiri Brahmin. Download our apps to start learning, Call us and we will answer all your questions about learning on Unacademy. Son of Jayapida and Durgi. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. Sikander Lodi was succeeded on the throne in 1489. For example, Kalhana has highly exaggerated the military conquests of Lalitaditya Muktapida.[18][19]. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. [2] The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. He reigned for three years and five months from 1339 to 1342 CE. Abul Fazl translated into Persian many outstanding Sanskrit works, such as, the. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. Rajatarangini s first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. How much stuff can you bring on deployment? translator of the Rajataragini. Does adding salt to water increase conductivity? Abu 'l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state that Shah Mir traced his descent to Arjuna, the basis of their account being Jonaraja's Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni translated into Persian at Akbar's orders. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. Who wrote the Rajatarangini class 4th English? These include: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. The real power lay in the hands of a noble named Gargachandra. ): "This [king], who did not speak the language of the gods but used vulgar speech fit for drunkards, showed that he was descended from a family of spirit-distillers". According to the Mahabharata, the Kambojs ruled Kashmir during the epic period (The epic period is estimated to be roughly from 1000 to 600 BC, when some of the greatest epics such as; Ramayana and Mahabharata, came into being during this time). In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). Concerning past occasions. [15], He was the only Shah Mir ruler to keep Hindu courtiers in his court. Answer: It is court chronicle that deals with the history of rulers of Kashmir. Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of Nal-Damayanti into Persian. And 40 years after his passing, the translation has now been brought into publication thanks to the zealous efforts of a few lovers of classical literature. [19][21] Scholars caution against accepting the allegations at face value and attributing them solely to religious bigotry. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. Rajatarangini can be a metric splendid and verifiable account of the north-western Indian subcontinent, mainly the lords of Kashmir. Gopikrishna Shastri (Ujjain) also translated the work into. Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. Translation of "puhdas" into Persian . Zain-ul-Abidin is also called as Akbar of Kashmir and Shahjahan of Kashmir on account of religion and development respectively. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. In subsequent years, through his tact and ability Shah Mir rose to prominence and became one of the most important personalities of his time. The translation of the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian was its most outstanding achievement. It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. Answer. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. [6], The Gonanda dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years. Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. Son of Lalitaditya and Kamaladevi. Deposed his half-brother to become the king, but died after a week. Was this answer helpful? Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. What literary period is the beat generation aligned with? [4] It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya Sufi groups in Kashmir. [4] It is known, however, that Mihirakula was the son of Toramana. Get all the important information related to the Railway Exam including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. Kalhana describes Shamkaravarman (883902) thus (Stein's trans. She was pregnant at the time of her husband's death, and Krishna helped her ascend the throne. Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. (I.191) He belonged to. Accordingly, translation was no longer confined solitary to an isolated linguistic context and the socio-cultural aspects of translation were emphasized. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. Nephew of Didda. However, the intent of the translations has been insufficiently analyzed in the context of the interrelationship between Orientalist and nationalist projects and the historical and literary ideas that informed them. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. 2 What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? rajatarangini of kalhana vol iv - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini of kalhana vol ii - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini - shri ramtej shastri pandey_part3. Sanskrit: This period produced greater works in Sanskrit rather than the previous periods. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. [6] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Answer: [C] Jonaraja Notes: Sultan Sikandar established a department to translate Sanskrit works into Persia and vice versa in Kashmir. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. After his death, the queen committed. Made king by the minister Shura. How long is MOT certificate normally valid? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. May 29, 2021 04:35 pm | Updated July 06, 2022 12:26 pm IST. Younger brother of Chandrapida and Tarapida. Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. November 1941, offering Asianists a wealth of information unavailable The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. Answer. The serial will be aired on Doordarshan in 2006. A Persian translation of Rajatarangini was commissioned by Zain-ul-Abidin, who ruled Kashmir in the 15th century CE. There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. Uninvolved personally in the maelstrom of contemporary politics, he nevertheless was profoundly affected by it and stated the following to be his ideal: That noble-minded poet alone merits praise whose word, like the sentence of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in recording the past. The Rajatarangini is a Sanskrit account of the various monarchies of Kashmir, prior to the advent of Islam. In style the Rajatarangini narrative is sometimes considered as versified prose on a massive scale, yet its strong structural appeal made it a model for later historians. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. This article examines two translations of the textone "Orientalist" and the other "nationalist"with the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. In fact, the history of Kashmir was continued, along Kalhanas line, down to some years after the annexation of Kashmir by the Mughal emperor Akbar (1586) in the following works: Rajatarangini (by Jonaraja), Jainatarangini (by Shrivara), and Rajavalipataka (by Prajyabhatta and Shuka). Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Son of Durlabhavardhana and Anangalekha. His flatters instigated him against his minister Sandhimati. Abstract. [5] Some of the kings and dynasties can be identified with inscriptions and the histories of the empires that periodically included the Kashmir valley, but for long periods the Rajatarangini is the only source. it has been transformed into Persian, Get subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indias best educators. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. Translations of " " into Persian in sentences, translation memory . Here, the emperor's top scribes and secretaries were given the task of translating a range of Sanskrit texts, including the Rajatarangini (The History of the Kings of Kashmir) and the Ramayana, into Persian. This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.[12]. He looked into an assortment of epigraphic sources connecting with illustrious tributes, development of sanctuaries, and land awards; he concentrated on coins, fantastic remaining parts, family records, and nearby practices. In 1574, Akbar established a translation bureau (maktab khana) at his capital of Fatehpur Sikri. Verse 13. Kalhana's work uses Kali and Laukika (or Saptarishi) calendar eras: the ascension year in CE, as given below, has been calculated by Dutt based on Kalhana's records. Who wrote Rajatarangini What does it tell us about? involving the history, arts, social sciences, philosophy, and contemporary In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-5r7zs Unacademy is Indias largest online learning platform. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. and is known in general as a publisher willing to take chances with nontraditional Kalhana lived in a time of political turmoil in Kashmir, at that time a brilliant center of civilization in a sea of barbarism. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. His descendant Meghavahana later restored the dynasty's rule. This Vikramaditya is not same as the, Shared the administration with his queen. Eventually a Pratapaditya, a relative of Vikrmaditya (not the Shakari) became king (II.6). What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? [20], Despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity in the earlier books of Rajatarangini. . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Gonandiya Baladitya made his officer in charge of fodder, Durlabhavardhana (III.489) his son-in-law because he was handsome. [a] He thinks it more likely that he was a descendant of Turkish or Persian immigrants to Swat, who had intermarried with local indigenous peoples. Answer. After that, the English translation. His admittance to minute subtleties of contemporary court interests was practically immediate: his dad and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to its synthesis. Her son was Chippatajayapida. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. What was the content of the text the Rajatarangini? The book closes with the establishment of the Karkota Naga dynasty by Durlabhaka Pratapaditya II, and it is from Book IV on that Rajatarangini takes on the character of a dependable historical narrative. Sussala's son. By looking at the inscriptions recording the consecretations of temples and grants by former kings, at laudatory inscriptions and at written works, the trouble arising from many errors has been overcome. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. Gonanda was the first king and a contemporary and enemy of the Hindu deity Krishna. He showed shockingly progressed specialised mastery for the time in his anxiety for offbeat sources. issues of East, South, and Southeast Asia, as well as a large book review [20][18][19] Economic condition was decent. Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. [31] Arriving in Kashmir, Haidar installed as sultan the head of the Sayyid faction, Nazuk. Is domestic violence against men Recognised in India? that the material was genuinely picky. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. Raman Menon, Priyadarshini Publication Society, 1,200. Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606-47 CE). Kalhaa's account of Kashmir begins with the legendary reign of Gonarda, who was contemporary to Yudhishthira of the Mahbhrata, but the recorded history of Kashmir, as retold by Kalhaa begins from the period of the Mauryas. He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. Answer: A) Abdul Fazi. A town named Shihabud-dinpura aka Shadipur was founded by him. Learn about a brief history of Adi Shankaracharya, one of the most revered teachers in India's spiritual history. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work Rajatarangini and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. He was a great-grandson of a Viradeva, a Kutumbi (V.469). Subscriber Only Stories View All Buy 2-year plan with SD20 code for special price It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? Son of Shankaravarman; ruled with help of his mother Sugandha; Murdered, Brother of Gopalavarman, died soon after ascending the throne. Kalhana wrote it was brilliantly prepared for the work. Some of the architectural projects commissioned by the dynasty in Kashmir include: Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar. Despite these stated principles, Kalhana's work is also full of legends and inconsistencies (see Historical reliability below). Suvrata's poem, though it has obtained celebrity, does not show dexterity in the exposition of the subject-matter, as it is rendered troublesome [reading] by misplaced learning.

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